Hidden Risks and Complications Associated with Vaginal Tears in Pregnancy We weren’t able to create a summary for you. Refresh your page to try again. We found that vacuum extraction is a risk factor for second-degree tear, and vacuum extraction, fetal head circumference exceeding 35 cm and heredity of pelvic floor dysfunction and/or connective tissue deficiency were associated with increased risk of high vaginaltears. In this review article, we present the available data on the prevention of perineal trauma by describing the risk factors associated with perineal trauma and interventions that can be implemented to prevent perineal trauma, in particular obstetrical anal sphincter injury. Oct 1, 2022 · Based on the anatomical structures of women, perineal tears are injuries to the perineum, vulva, and vagina that occur during vaginal birth [3, 4]. Risk factors for perineal tears include high birth weight or macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, instrumental deliveries, and history of perineal tears [5]. The perineal tears are grouped into four classes. Feb 2, 2024 · Perineal tears were categorized using the classification system recommended by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. In addition, second-degree tears were subcategorized as 2A, 2B, or 2C according to the percentage of damage to the perineal body. Dec 2, 2020 · We found that vacuum extraction is a risk factor for second-degree tear, and vacuum extraction, fetal head circumference exceeding 35 cm and heredity of pelvic floor dysfunction and/or connective... May 20, 2025 · More than 85% of women having a vaginalbirth suffer some perineal trauma [2]. The reported incidence of perineal trauma in primiparous women ranges from 5.1 to 8.3% for third- and fourth-degree tears involving obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) and from 35.1 to 78.3% for second-degree tears.